Equity in education in Mexico. Proposal for a system of indicators.

This paper presents a methodological proposal to monitor progress in terms of educational equity. For this purpose, a state system of indicators is proposed to measure how equitable education is in Mexico. First, a theoretical discussion about the concept of educational equity is developed. The starting point is Amartya Sen's idea, according to which any conception of equity presupposes the definition of a fundamental equality. The main proposals identified by theoreticians as criteria for fundamental equality in education are presented. Sen concludes that there are three main alternatives: equality of access, equality of treatment or equality of achievement. It is argued that Mexican legislation has an implicit concept of equity based on equality of achievement, which establishes a fundamental criterion for evaluating educational equity in Mexico. Based on this reflection, a system of indicators is proposed to measure inequalities of the context, inequalities of the educational process and the consequences of educational inequalities, considering the inequalities that exist between genders, ethnic groups and age groups and proposing that the analysis concentrate on the characteristics of individuals or groups that are below a minimum educational threshold.